Hypothyroidism is when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones to meet the needs of the body. The thyroid is underactive.
The
opposite is hyperthyroidism, where the thyroid produces too much thyroid hormone.
However, the link between hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism is complex, and
one can lead to the other, in certain circumstances.
Thyroid
hormones regulate metabolism, or the way the body uses energy. If thyroxine
levels are low, many of the body’s functions slow down.
About 4.6
percent of the population aged 12
years and above in the United States has hypothyroidism.
The
thyroid gland is found in the front of the neck below the larynx, or voice box,
and has two lobes, one on each side of the windpipe.
It is an
endocrine gland, made up of special cells that make hormones. Hormones
are chemical messengers that relay information to the organs and tissues of
the body, controlling processes such as metabolism, growth, and mood.
The
production of thyroid hormones is regulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone
(TSH), which is made by the pituitary gland.
This, in
turn, is regulated by the hypothalamus, a region of the brain. TSH ensures that
enough thyroid hormones are made to meet the needs of the body.
Source: Medical News Today
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