SARS-CoV-2, the virus that leads to coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), has spread rapidly from the first known cases in China in December 2019 to countries around the world.
On March 10, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that there were 113,702 confirmed cases of COVID-19 around the world, plus 4,012 deaths.
In response to this global health crisis, researchers are working on developing a coronavirus vaccine as soon as possible.
Learn more about vaccine development and the possible timeline in this article.
Researchers striving to develop a coronavirus vaccine are working with different approaches, including:
- whole virus vaccine
- recombinant protein subunit vaccine
- antibody vaccine
- nucleic acid vaccine
The sections below will discuss these approaches in more detail.
Whole virus vaccine
Whole virus vaccines use weakened or dead forms of the virus that causes the disease.
They can be effective at providing immunity in the long run, but there is a risk that some people could develop symptoms of the illness due to the vaccination.
Reports state that Johnson & Johnson, Codagenix, and researchers at the University of Hong Kong are working on this kind of vaccine.
Recombinant protein subunit vaccine
Recombinant protein subunit vaccines do not carry the risk of causing an infection in people who receive them, because they do not contain any live pathogens.
Researchers are investigating whether or not they can make a recombinant protein subunit vaccine that targets a protein called spike (S-) protein. The new coronavirus uses the S-protein to attach to and infect cells.
Novavax, Clover Biopharmaceuticals, the University of Queensland, and a consortium led by Texas Children’s Hospital for Vaccine Development are using this approach to develop a coronavirus vaccine.
Antibody vaccine
Other researchers are investigating whether or not they can create a vaccine using antibodies from the SARS outbreak that began in 2002.
SARS has many similarities to COVID-19, as they are caused by related coronaviruses.
So far, scientists have shown that the antibodies that neutralize the SARS-causing virus can also limit how well the new coronavirus infects cells in laboratory studies.
Source: Medical News Today
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