A recent study in mice showed that
reheated cooking oil might trigger cell changes that can promote late-stage breast
cancer growth.
A new study looks at the effect of
reused cooking oil on breast cancer metastasis.
Researchers
from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign tested "thermally
abused frying oil," which is cooking oil that has undergone reheating to
high temperatures multiple times, in laboratory mice and found that it
increased metastatic breast cancer growth.
The
team reported these findings in the journal Cancer Prevention Research.
The
scientists fed all of the lab mice a low-fat diet for a week. Then, they gave
some of the mice unheated fresh soybean oil for 16 weeks while the rest
ingested thermally abused oil instead.
They
chose to use soybean oil because the restaurant industry commonly uses it for
deep frying.
To
simulate breast cancer, they injected 4T1 breast cancer cells into a tibia of
each mouse. These breast cancer cells are very aggressive and have a high rate of
metastasis to multiple distant sites. As a result, they often appear in the
lymph nodes, liver, and lungs.
The effects of reused oil
At
20 days after the injection of the tumor cells, there
was a notable difference in the rate of metastatic growth between the two
groups of mice. In the mice who had eaten thermally abused oil, the metastatic
growth of the tibia tumors was four times greater than that of the tumors in
the mice who consumed the fresh oil.
There
were also more lung metastases in the former group. Lead researcher William G.
Helferich, a professor of food science and human nutrition, noted that
there were twice as many lung tumors, which were also more aggressive and
invasive than those in the fresh-oil group.
"I just assumed these nodules in the lungs were
little clones — but they weren't," says Helferich. "They'd undergone
transformation to become more aggressive. The metastases in the fresh-oil group
were there, but they weren't as invasive or aggressive, and the proliferation
wasn't as extensive."
Breast cancer statistics
Breast
cancer occurs when cells in the breast grow out of control and form a tumor. If
the cells are capable of invading the surrounding tissue or spreading to other
areas of the body, doctors deem the disease to be malignant. Breast cancer is not
exclusive to women — although it is rare, it can affect men as well.
Breast
cancer rates in the United States have increased by 0.4 percent a year over recent years.
About
one in eight women in the U.S. will develop breast cancer during their
lifetime, and the American Cancer Society (ACS) estimate that doctors will
diagnose around 268,600 new cases of invasive breast cancer in 2019. In the
same year, the ACS also expect almost 63,000 cases of carcinoma in situ,
which is an early form of breast cancer that is noninvasive.
The
ACS recommend that women at average risk for breast cancer
should start having annual routine mammograms at the age of 45 years.
Even
if a person has no signs or symptoms, mammograms can help detect breast cancer
at an early stage, which is when treatment is most likely to be successful.
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