Wednesday, 30 April 2025

What are the signs of depression in men?

 Both males and females can experience depression, but the signs and symptoms can be different. Males my also be less likely to seek a diagnosis for depression.

Although the primary symptom of depression for many is often a feeling of sadness, men may haveTrusted Source a higher tendency than women to feel anger, demonstrate aggressive feelings, and engage in substance abuse.

Due to the different symptoms, and because men are typically less likely to talk about and seek treatment for depression than women, many men may have undiagnosed depression.

In this article, we explore the emotional, behavioral, and physical signs of depression in men. We also discuss how to get help. Read on to learn how to recognize and manage depression in men.

Men and depression

Depression is common in men. According to the American Psychological Association, an estimated 9 percent of men in the United States have feelings of depression or anxiety each day, and 30.6 percent of men experience a period of depression during their lifetime.

Depression is a mood disorderTrusted Source that affects a person’s thoughts, feelings, body, and behavior. Doctors may refer to depression as major depression, major depressive disorder, or clinical depression.

Depression is more commonTrusted Source in women, affecting 10.4 percent of women compared with 5.5 percent of men in the U.S. However, the number of men who die by suicide is four times the number of women.

One of the reasons for this could be that men are less likely to get a diagnosis of depression. Depression is a significant risk factor for suicide.

Understanding how depression symptoms might differ between men and women is important. It can help make people aware of depression in themselves and their loved ones. Recognizing depression is the first step toward recovery.

Men’s health resources

For more research-backed information and resources, visit our dedicated men’s health hub.

Some symptoms of depression are the same for men and women. These include:

  • feeling sad, tearful, low, guilty, or empty
  • losing enjoyment in pleasurable activities
  • appetite or weight changes
  • too little or too much sleep
  • feeling agitated or tired
  • having trouble concentrating

Not everyone with depression will experience all of these symptoms.

Some symptoms of depression are more likely to affect men than women, which could be due to genetic, hormonal, biochemical, or social factors. We look at depression in men in more detail below.

The behavioral signs of depression can manifest differently in men and women. For instance, alcohol and drug use affect men with depression more oftenTrusted Source than women, and men are more likely than women to display anger attacks and risk-taking behavior.

Men with depression may notice the following behavioral changes:

  • drinking more or taking drugs
  • avoiding family or social situations
  • working obsessively without taking proper breaks
  • finding it hard to keep up with work or family responsibilities
  • becoming more controlling or abusive in relationships
  • engaging in risk-taking behavior, such as gambling or unsafe sex
  • attempting suicide

One theoryTrusted Source is that these behavioral changes occur as a result of men trying to mask depression and adhere to so-called “masculine norms.” This attempt to conceal depression may cause men to lash out or engage in self-destructive behaviors.

Men with depression may also lose interest in their hobbies and passions or feel less motivated to succeed at work.

Depression may affect a man’s sex drive too. Men with depression may have less interest in having sex and might have trouble with sexual performance.

Some men may find it easier to discuss physical symptoms than mood changes. However, there is a close link between the mind and body. It is vital to share all symptoms with a doctor, even if they seem insignificant or irrelevant.

Depression affects the emotional state of both men and women, causing low mood.

Women with depression may express this as sadness, but some men may be less comfortable outwardly expressing this emotion. Changes to their emotional state can, therefore, become apparent in other ways.

Early signs of depression in men can include an increase in:

  • anger
  • frustration
  • aggression
  • irritability

These differences may be due to societal expectations of how men and women express emotion. It is likely that men will be less willing to show certain emotions, such as sadness, if they feel that others may judge or criticize them for it.

Men with depression may experience thoughts of suicide.

Help is out there

According to 2013–2016 figures from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)Trusted Source, women are almost twice as likely to experience major depression than men. However, it is likely that more men than women avoid reporting depression, so the figures for men may be higher.

According to some estimates, two-thirdsTrusted Source of people with depression in the U.S. have not received a diagnosis.

A doctor may also misdiagnose depression in men. Men may be more likely to report physical symptoms, such as difficulty sleeping, than emotional changes. As a result, the doctor might give them the wrong diagnosis.

Furthermore, people may misinterpret common emotional or behavioral signs of depression in men. They may see anger as a personality trait instead of a sign of depression. They may also misunderstand the reasons for a person’s increased risk-taking behavior or substance use.

2013 studyTrusted Source used criteria to adjust for the different ways in which men and women tend to experience depression. The researchers found that depression was equally prevalent among both genders.

More research into depression and gender is necessary to confirm this.

There are several ways to treat depression. Everyone responds to treatment differently, but a doctor can advise a person on which treatment may best suit their needs.

Treatment options include:

  • medication
  • talk therapy
  • cognitive behavioral therapy. (CBT)

Alongside other treatments, certain lifestyle changes and coping strategies can help a person manage depression. For example:

  • Regular exercise: Running or even walking briskly outside can produce endorphins and lift a person’s mood.
  • Creating structure: Sticking to a daily routine may help make each day feel a little easier.
  • Breaking down tasks: When big tasks feel unmanageable, breaking them down into smaller tasks may help.
  • Yoga, mindfulness, or meditation: These practices may reduce stress and support well-being.
  • Talking to friends and family: Sharing feelings with others may make them feel less overwhelming.
  • Avoiding alcohol: Reducing alcohol intake may improve mood.

If a person notices the signs of depression in a close male friend, partner, or family member, it is crucial to discuss this with them. Asking someone who may be experiencing depression how they are feeling is an excellent first step. Trying to be a good listener is important.

Next, encourage them to make an appointment with their doctor. If they feel worried about discussing how they feel emotionally, remind them that they can start by talking about physical symptoms, which will often lead to a broader discussion about other symptoms.

It is important to be patient when supporting someone with depression. Sometimes the behavioral signs of depression in men may cause relationship difficulties. Try discussing issues in a nonjudgmental way. A relationship counselor can help people improve their communication.

Signs of depression in men may differ from signs of depression in women. Men are more likely to feel anger and aggressive feelings and to engage in substance abuse or risky behaviors.

Increased awareness of the signs of depression in men can empower those with this condition to get help.

Seeking help for depression is essential. Suicide is a leading preventable cause of death among men. Treatment can significantly improve a man’s mental health and emotional well-being.

Major depression, also called clinical depression, is a serious but manageable mental health condition. With treatment, a person with depression can manage their condition and stay well. People with depression can go on to make a full recovery.

Source - Medical News Today

Tuesday, 29 April 2025

What are the types of depression?

 Depression is one of the most common mental health conditions in the United States. There are several different types of depression.

People with depression experience distinct periods — lasting at least 2 weeksTrusted Source — of sadness, low energy, and loss of interest in things that they once enjoyed. People sometimes refer to these periods as depressive episodes.

The experience of depression can vary significantly among individuals. For example, it may cause some people to oversleep and others to sleep very little. Each type of depression can have distinct symptoms and effects.

Read on to learn about some of the more common types of depression.

Help is out there

If you or someone you know is in crisis and considering suicide or self-harm, please seek support:

  • Call or text the 988 Lifeline at 988 or chat at 988lifeline.org. Caring counselors are available to listen and provide free and confidential support 24/7.
  • Text HOME to the Crisis Text Line at 741741 to connect with a volunteer crisis counselor for free and confidential support 24/7.
  • Not in the United States? Find a helpline in your country with Befrienders Worldwide.
  • Call 911 or your local emergency services number if you feel safe to do so.

If you’re calling on behalf of someone else, stay with them until help arrives. You may remove weapons or substances that can cause harm if you can do so safely.

If you’re not in the same household, stay on the phone with them until help arrives.

Major depressive disorder

Major depressive disorder is the classic form of depression. People with major depression experience symptoms that may include:

  • sadness
  • feelings of guilt, worthlessness, and hopelessness
  • difficulty sleeping
  • changes in appetite
  • fatigue
  • irritability
  • feeling “empty”
  • thoughts of suicide

Depression can also cause physical symptoms, such as aches and pains. It can affect thoughts and concentration and lead to difficulties in making decisions and remembering things.

According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), approximately 17.3 million adultsTrusted Source in the U.S. experienced at least one episode of major depression in 2017. This number equates to 7.1% of all U.S. adults.

Major depressive disorder appears to be more commonTrusted Source among women and in those between the ages of 18 and 25 years.

Persistent depressive disorder

Postpartum and perinatal depression

Postpartum depression refers to depression that develops within the first year of giving birth. It differs from the “baby blues,” which is a phenomenon that affects up to 80%Trusted Source of mothers after giving birth.

People with the baby blues experience relatively mild anxiety, fatigue, and sadness that typically persist for a few daysTrusted Source before going away without treatment. Postpartum depression, on the other hand, causes more extreme symptoms of depression.

Postpartum depression affects almost 15%Trusted Source of births, with symptoms most commonly appearing within 1 week to 1 month of the delivery. Treatment is usually necessary for those with postpartum depression.

People can also experience depression throughout pregnancy. Doctors use the revised term perinatal depression to describe depression that occurs both during pregnancy and after the birth of the baby.

Major depressive disorder with psychotic features

Major depressive disorder with seasonal pattern

Previously known as seasonal affective disorder (SAD), major depressive disorder with seasonal pattern is a type of depression that occurs in the winter months. It is more common in areas that are farther away from the equator.

SAD causes symptoms similar to those of other forms of depression, including anxiety, fatigue, and weight gain.

The American Psychiatric Association report that SAD affects approximately 5% of people in the U.S.

Experts believe that SAD occurs in some people due to the lack of natural light. However, they do not know why it affects some people and not others. Symptoms typically last from early winter to spring.

A less common form of SAD, which is called summer-onset seasonal affective disorder, occurs in the spring and summer months.

Situational depression

Major depressive disorder with atypical features

Atypical depression is a form of depression in which the symptoms differ from the usual symptoms of depression.

Doctors do not understand this form of depression as well as they do other types. They may diagnose it as “major depressive disorder with atypical features.”

One key feature of atypical depression is that the person’s mood temporarily lifts when something positive happens. Doctors call this “mood reactivity.”

Researchers state that a person must have two or more of the following symptoms in addition to mood reactivity to receive a diagnosis of atypical depression:

  • significant weight gain
  • increase in appetite
  • hypersomnia, or sleeping too much
  • leaden paralysis, or a feeling of heaviness in the limbs and body
  • sensitivity to rejection from others that results in significant social problems or issues at work

Older researchTrusted Source indicates that atypical depression typically has a high prevalence rate, starts when a person is younger, and lasts longer than other types of depression. It is more common in those with bipolar disorder and anxiety disorders.

To diagnose any form of depression, a doctor will likely carry out one or more of the following:

  • a physical examination
  • blood tests to check for physical conditions that may be causing symptoms
  • a psychiatric evaluation, which includes checking a person’s symptoms against the DSM-5.