What happens when estrogen levels are low?

Estrogen is a hormone that is most often associated with females, although men do produce small amounts. Declining estrogen can lead to a variety of health concerns and symptoms.

Although estrogen is primarily associated with female development during puberty and the reproductive cycle, it affects everything from bone health to emotional well-being.

Low estrogen levels can develop in women of all ages for several reasons.

Fast facts on low estrogen:

·     Estrogen is largely produced by the ovaries.

·     When estrogen levels are low, it can have several effects on the body.

·     Women who have eating disorders, such as anorexia, are at a higher risk of having low estrogen levels.

Causes of low estrogen

Levels of estrogen vary for many reasons. Any condition that affects or damages the ovaries can cause a decrease in estrogen levels in the body.

The most significant risk factor for having low estrogen is age. As women age and approach menopause, it is normal for estrogen levels to drop.

In fact, estrogen levels start to lower several years before menopause occurs (a phase called perimenopause).

Estrogen levels can also decline for several other reasons including:

·         premature ovarian failure

·         congenital conditions, such as Turner syndrome

·         thyroid disorders

·         excessive exercise

·         being severely underweight

·         chemotherapy

·         low-functioning pituitary gland

Having a family history of hormonal problems can also increase a woman's risk of developing low estrogen.

Effects of low estrogen

Estrogen is an essential hormone so the effects can be quite wide-ranging.

Symptoms of low estrogen may include the following:

·         Irregular periods: Estrogen is one of the main hormones driving the menstrual cycle. Low estrogen may lead to missed or irregular periods.

·         Infertility: Low estrogen levels can prevent ovulation and make getting pregnant difficult, leading to infertility.

·         Weak bones: Estrogen helps keep the bones healthful and strong. As estrogen levels decrease, bone loss may occur. For example, women who are post-menopausal are at an increased risk of developing osteoporosis and bone fractures.

·         Painful intercourse: Estrogen can affect vaginal lubrication. If levels become too low, vaginal dryness can occur, which often leads to painful sex.

·         Hot flashes: Hot flashes often happen during menopause due to low estrogen levels.

·         Depression: Estrogen is thought to increase serotonin, which is a chemical in the brain that boosts mood. Estrogen deficiency may cause a decline in serotonin that contributes to mood swings or depression.

·         Increase in urinary tract infections: Increased urinary tract infections may occur due to the thinning of the tissue in the urethra, which can develop with decreased estrogen.

Source: Medical News Today