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doctors and dietitians recommend a Mediterranean diet to prevent disease and
keep people healthy for longer.
The Mediterranean diet emphasizes fruits,
vegetables, and whole grains, and it includes less dairy and meat than a
typical Western diet.
In this article, we explain what the Mediterranean diet is and provide a
7-day meal plan for people to follow.
What is a Mediterranean diet?
A Mediterranean diet includes fresh produce
and some healthful fats and oils.
Essentially, following a Mediterranean diet means eating in the way that
the people in the Mediterranean region traditionally ate.
A traditional diet from the Mediterranean region includes a generous
portion of fresh produce, whole grains, and legumes, as well as some healthful
fats and fish.
The general guidelines of the diet recommend that people eat:
·
a
wide variety of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains
·
healthful
fats, such as nuts, seeds, and olive oil
·
moderate
amounts of dairy and fish
·
very
little white meat and red meat
·
few
eggs
·
red
wine in moderation
The American Heart
Association note that the average Mediterranean diet contains a
high percentage of calories from fat.
Although more than half of the calories from fat come from monounsaturated
fats, such as olive oil, the diet may not be right for people who need to limit
their fat intake.
Building a meal plan
The Mediterranean diet puts a higher focus on plant foods than many other
diets. It is not uncommon for vegetables, whole grains, and legumes to make up
all or most of a meal.
People following the diet typically cook these foods using healthful fats,
such as olive oil, and add plenty of flavorful spices.
Meals may include small portions of fish, meat, or eggs.
Water and sparkling water are common drink choices, as well as moderate
amounts of red wine.
People on a Mediterranean diet avoid the following foods:
·
refined
grains, such as white bread, white pasta, and pizza dough containing white
flour
·
refined
oils, which include canola oil and soybean oil
·
foods
with added sugars, such as pastries, sodas, and candies
·
deli
meats, hot dogs, and other processed meats
·
processed
or packaged foods
7-day meal plan
Here is an example of a 7-day Mediterranean diet meal plan:
Day 1
One breakfast option is greek yogurt with
blueberries and walnuts.
Breakfast
·
one
pan-fried egg
·
whole-wheat
toast
·
grilled
tomatoes
For additional calories, add another egg or some sliced avocado to the
toast.
Lunch
·
2
cups of mixed salad greens with cherry tomatoes and olives on top and a
dressing of olive oil and vinegar
·
whole-grain
pita bread
·
2
ounces (oz) of hummus
Dinner
·
whole-grain
pizza with tomato sauce, grilled vegetables, and low-fat cheese as toppings
For added calories, add some shredded chicken, ham, tuna, or pine nuts to
the pizza.
Day 2
Breakfast
·
1
cup of Greek yogurt
·
One-half
of a cup of fruits, such as blueberries, raspberries, or chopped nectarines
For additional calories, add 1–2 oz of almonds or walnuts.
Lunch
·
Whole-grain
sandwich with grilled vegetables, such as eggplant, zucchini, bell pepper, and onion
To increase the calorie content, spread hummus or avocado on the bread
before adding the fillings.
Dinner
·
one
portion of baked cod or salmon with garlic and black pepper to add flavor
·
one
roasted potato with olive oil and chives
Day 3
Breakfast
·
1
cup of whole-grain oats with cinnamon, dates, and honey
·
top
with low-sugar fruits, such as raspberries
·
1
oz of shredded almonds (optional)
Lunch
·
boiled
white beans with spices, such as laurel, garlic, and cumin
·
1
cup of arugula with an olive oil dressing and toppings of tomato, cucumber, and
feta cheese
Dinner
·
one-half
of a cup of whole-grain pasta with tomato sauce, olive oil, and grilled
vegetables
·
1
tablespoon of Parmesan cheese
Day 4
Breakfast
·
two-egg
scramble with bell peppers, onions, and tomatoes
·
top
with 1 oz of queso fresco or one-quarter of an avocado
Lunch
·
roasted
anchovies in olive oil on whole-grain toast with a sprinkling of lemon juice
·
a
warm salad comprising 2 cups of steamed kale and tomatoes
Dinner
·
2
cups of steamed spinach with a sprinkling of lemon juice and herbs
·
one
boiled artichoke with olive oil, garlic powder, and salt
Add another artichoke for a hearty, filling meal.
Day 5
Breakfast
·
1
cup of Greek yogurt with cinnamon and honey on top
·
mix
in a chopped apple and shredded almonds
Lunch
·
1
cup of quinoa with
bell peppers, sun-dried tomatoes, and olives
·
roasted
garbanzo beans with oregano and thyme
·
top
with feta cheese crumbles or avocado (optional)
Dinner
·
2
cups of steamed kale with tomato, cucumber, olives, lemon juice, and Parmesan
cheese
·
a
portion of grilled sardines with a slice of lemon
Day 6
Breakfast
·
two
slices of whole-grain toast with soft cheese, such as ricotta, queso fresco, or
goat cheese
·
add
chopped blueberries or figs for sweetness
Lunch
·
2
cups of mixed greens with tomato and cucumber
·
a
small portion of roasted chicken with a sprinkling of olive oil and lemon juice
Dinner
·
oven-roasted
vegetables, such as:
·
artichoke
·
carrot
·
zucchini
·
eggplant
·
sweet
potato
·
tomato
·
toss
in olive oil and heavy herbs before roasting
·
1
cup of whole-grain couscous
Day 7
Breakfast
·
whole-grain
oats with cinnamon, dates, and maple syrup
·
top
with low-sugar fruits, such as raspberries or blackberries
Lunch
·
stewed
zucchini, yellow squash, onion, and potato in a tomato and herb sauce
Dinner
·
2
cups of greens, such as arugula or spinach, with tomato, olives, and olive oil
·
a
small portion of white fish
·
leftover
vegetable stew from lunch
Snacks
Avocado on toast is a healthful snack for
people on a Mediterranean diet.
There are many snack options available as part of the Mediterranean diet.
Suitable snacks include:
·
a
small serving of nuts
·
whole
fruits, such as oranges, plums, and grapes
·
dried
fruits, including apricots and figs
·
a
small serving of yogurt
·
hummus
with celery, carrots, or other vegetables
·
avocado
on whole-grain toast
Health benefits
The Mediterranean diet receives a lot of attention from the medical
community because many studies verify its benefits.
The benefits of a Mediterranean diet include:
Lowering the
risk of cardiovascular disease
Evidence suggests that a Mediterranean diet may reduce the risk of
cardiovascular disease. A study that featured in The New England Journal of Medicine compared
two Mediterranean diets with a control diet for almost 5 years.
The research suggested that the diet reduced the risk of cardiovascular
issues, including stroke, heart attack, and death, by about 30 percent
compared with the control group.
More studies are necessary to determine whether lifestyle factors, such as
more physical activity and extended social support systems, are partly
responsible for the lower incidence of heart disease in Mediterranean countries
than in the United States.
Improving sleep
quality
In a 2018 study,
researchers explored how the Mediterranean diet affects sleep.
Their research suggested that adhering to a Mediterranean diet may improve
sleep quality in older adults. The diet did not seem to affect sleep quality in
younger people.
Weight loss
The Mediterranean diet may also be helpful for people who are trying to
lose weight.
The authors of a 2016 review noted
that people who were overweight or had obesity lost
more weight on the Mediterranean diet than on a low-fat diet. The Mediterranean
diet group achieved results that were similar to those of the participants on
other standard weight loss diets.
Summary
Following a Mediterranean diet involves making long-term, sustainable
dietary changes.
Generally speaking, a person should aim for a diet that is rich in natural
foods, including plenty of vegetables, whole grains, and healthful fats.
Anyone who finds that the diet does not feel satisfying should talk to a
dietitian. They can recommend additional or alternative foods to help increase
satiety.
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